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The contents of the Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the web are Copyright 2004-2019 to the Cree School Board, Quebec, Canada. The thematic dictionary and the multimedia content are copyright to eastcree.org, unless otherwise specified (see image credits).

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APA

Junker, M.-O., MacKenzie, M., Bobbish-Salt, L., Duff, A., Visitor, L., Salt, R., Blacksmith, A., Diamond, P., & Weistche, P. (Eds.). (2018). The Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web: English-Cree and Cree-English, French-Cree and Cree-French (Northern and Southern dialects). Retrieved from https://dictionary.eastcree.org/


MLA

Junker, Marie-Odile, Marguerite MacKenzie, Luci Bobbish-Salt, Alice Duff, Linda Visitor, Ruth Salt, Anna Blacksmith, Patricia Diamond, and Pearl Weistche, eds. The Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web: English-Cree and Cree-English, French-Cree and Cree-French (Northern and Southern dialects). 2018. Web. [Date].

[Date] = the date you accessed the definition, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2018

 

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[Word].” Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web. Web. [Date].

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Editorial Team

Editorial Committee
Cree Northern Cree Southern
Luci Bobbish-Salt (2004-2012) Anna Blacksmith (2009-2012)
Alice Duff (2008-2012) Patricia Diamond (2009-2012)
Elsie Duff (2004-2007) Bill Jancewicz (2004)
Bill Jancewicz (2004) Marie-Odile Junker (2004-present)
Marie-Odile Junker (2004-present) Marguerite MacKenzie (2004-2012)
Marguerite MacKenzie (2004-2012) Daisy Moar (2004-2007)
Linda Visitor (2012-present) Ella Neeposh (2004)
Ruth Salt (2004-2012)
Pearl Weistche (2009-2012)
English Editor-in-Chief
Marie-Odile Junker (2008-present) Marguerite MacKenzie (2004-2008)
French Editor-in-Chief
Marie-Odile Junker (2004-present)
French Translators (2006-2007)
France Lafond (Southern Dictionary) Marie-Odile Junker (Northern Dictionary)

 

Database

Database and Interface Design
Marie-Odile Junker & Delasie Torkornoo (2007-present) Radu Luchian (2004-2006)
Database Programming
Delasie Torkornoo (2007-present) Terry Stewart (2006-2007)
Fred Mailhot (2006) Radu Luchian (2004-2005)
Original Shoebox/Toolbox Database Set Up
Bill Jancewicz (1999-2004)
[Database development funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada grants #820-2000-2013, #856-2004-1028, #856-2009-008, and #435-2014-1199 to Prof. M-O. Junker, Carleton University].

 

Multimedia Content

For the full credits of all multimedia content throughout the East Cree projects, please see the Multimedia Credits page.

Photography and Illustrations
Annie Bearskin borealforest.org
Monique Caron Cree School Board
Daniel Clément Ian Diamond
Marie-Odile Junker Mimie Neacappo
nishiyuujourney.ca Bukem Reitmayer
Ruth Salt Jimmy Sam
Delasie Torkornoo Linda Visitor
Voices Of:
Darlene Bearskin Anna Blacksmith
Louise Blacksmith Luci Bobbish-Salt
Alice Duff Christine Duff
Ruth Salt Mary Shashaweskum
Erica Stephen Pearl Weistche
Sound Editing & Database Entry
Alison Bobbish (2004) Luci Bobbish-Salt
Margaret Cox (2002, 2004) Candice Diamond (2002)
Alice Duff Clara John Gulli
Hank House (2004) Suzanne House (2004)
Rhonda Iserhoff (2004) Marie-Odile Junker
Martha Michell Mimie Neacappo
Ruth Salt Mary Shashaweskwum
Thomas Wasipabano (2002) Pearl Weistche
Sound Recording
Dylan Hunter (CKCU)

 

Acknowledgements

Elders and Resource People
Cree Northern Cree Southern
Chisasibi Margaret Bearskin Eastmain Florrie Mark-Stewart
Samuel Bearskin Mistissini Boyce Blacksmith
Harry Duff Evadney Blacksmith
Bobby Neacappo Louise Blacksmith
Edith Sam Lauri Petawabano
Harry Scipio Smalley Petawabano
Maria Scipio Waskaganish Louise Diamond
Georgie Snowboy Josephine Diamond
Wemindji Mary B. Georgekish Patricia Diamond
Whapmagoostui James Kawapit the late Rupert Erless
Andrew Natachequon Elizabeth Jolly
Maggie Natachequon Edwin Jolly
Jimmy Moart
Alec Weistche
Sanders Weistche
Johnny Whiskeychan
Waswanapi Emily Cooper

Glosses (87)

{en} freeze

Words(87)

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ᐧᐃᔮᔅᑲᑎᓐ wiyaaskatin [vii]
S the river or lake is starting to freeze

ᐅᔥᑳᔅᑲᑎᓐ ushkaaskatin [vii]
S it begins to freeze

ᐃᔥᑖᒥᔥᑭᒋᐤ ishtaamishkichiu [vai]
N it (anim) is frozen to the bottom of a body of water

ᐅᑎᑎᓐ utitin [vii]
N the snow freezes again after a thaw

ᐅᔥᑎᑖᐧᐋᔮᐤ ushtitaawaayaau [vii]
N snow surface freezes after rain in winter

ᐅᔥᑭᑎᔑᐤ ushkitishiu [vii]
N the first freezing of water in the fall

ᐅᔥᑳᐹᓈᑎᓐ ushkaapaanaatin [vii]
N it is the first freezing of a body of water in the fall

ᐊᑯᒋᐤ akuchiu [vai]
N it (anim) freezes onto something, unborn child is attached to the wall of the uterus

ᐋᔓᐧᐃᑎᓐ aashuwitin [vii]
N it freezes to the other side

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᑖᔅᑭᑎᓐ aahkwaataaskitin [vii]
N it is frozen solid, it freezes over a large area overnight

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᑖᔅᑭᑎᐦᑖᐤ aahkwaataaskitihtaau [vai+o]
N s/he freezes it really solid

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᔅᑭᑎᒫᐤ aahkwaaskitimaau [vta]
N s/he freezes it (anim) solid

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᔅᑭᑎᓐ aahkwaaskitin [vii]
N it is frozen solid

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᔥᑭᒋᐤ aahkwaashkichiu [vai]
N s/he, it (anim) is frozen solid

ᐧᐋᑳᔅᑭᑎᓐ waakaaskitin [vii]
N it is bent by freezing

ᐧᐋᑳᔥᑭᒋᐤ waakaashkichiu [vai]
N it (anim) is bent by freezing

ᐲᐧᑳᔥᑭᒋᐤ piikwaashkichiu [vai]
N it (anim) breaks by freezing

ᑖᑐᑎᓐ taatutin [vii]
N it is split by freezing

ᑭᐧᐃᒋᐤ kiwichiu [vai]
N s/he, it (anim) freezes to death

ᒋᐳᑎᓐ chiputin [vii]
N it (ex lake, river) is completely frozen

ᒋᔒᐱᑎᒻ chishiipitim [vti]
N her/his, its tracks are frozen hard

ᒥᔥᑭᐧᐃᑎᒫᐤ mishkiwitimaau [vta]
N s/he freezes it (anim)

ᒥᔥᑭᐧᐃᑎᐦᑖᐤ mishkiwitihtaau [vai+o]
N s/he freezes it

ᒦᓄᐱᔨᐤ miinupiyiu [vii]
N it (ex ice on the river) breaks up in the fall after the first freezing

ᒧᔥᑎᑎᓐ mushtitin [vii]
N it (lakes, rivers, ground) is frozen but there is no snow

ᓃᐱᓈᒧᓰᐆ niipinaamusiiuu [vii]
N it is a body of water which never freezes

ᓵᐧᐹᔅᑭᑎᐦᑖᐤ saapwaaskitihtaau [vai+o]
N s/he freezes it through, solid

ᓵᓵᐦᐧᑳᐱᔨᐤ saasaahkwaapiyiu [vii]
N the sounds from a newly frozen river or lake tell you the river or lake is not yet safe for crossing

ᔒᐱᑎᓐ shiipitin [vii]
N it takes a long time to freeze (ex lake, river)

ᔓᓵᒋᐱᐱᔨᐤ shusaachipipiyiu [vii]
N water comes onto the ice and freezes

ᔖᑯᑎᓐ shaakutin [vii]
N it freezes easily

ᐅᑌᓇᒻ utenam [vti]
S s/he walks on the surface of frozen snow

ᐅᑌᔮᐤ uteyaau [vii]
S the surface of the snow freezes hard after it rains in winter

ᐅᑕᑎᓐ utatin [vii]
S the snow is just frozen

ᐅᔥᑲᑎᓐ ushkatin [vii]
S it is newly frozen

ᐅᔥᑳᐹᓀᑎᓐ ushkaapaanetin [vii]
S it is the first freezing (river, lake)

ᐊᑯᒎ akuchuu [vai]
S it (anim) freezes and sticks against

ᐋᔔᑎᓐ aashuutin [vii]
S it freezes right across

ᐋᐦᐧᑳᔅᑲᒎ aahkwaaskachuu [vai]
S s/he has severe frostbite

ᐧᐄᐦᐹᔅᑲᑎᓐ wiihpaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen with a hollow in it

ᐧᐄᐦᐹᔥᑲᒎ wiihpaashkachuu [vai]
S it (anim) is frozen with a hollow in it

ᐧᐋᐹᔅᑲᑎᓐ waapaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen white

ᐧᐋᑳᔅᑲᑎᓐ waakaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen bent, it is bent by freezing

ᐧᐋᑳᔅᑲᒎ waakaaskachuu [vai]
S it (anim) is frozen bent, bent by freezing

ᐧᐋᔖᐧᐁᑎᓐ waashaawetin [vii]
S the edge of the shore is frozen

ᐲᐧᑳᔅᑲᑎᒣᐤ piikwaaskatimeu [vta]
S s/he causes it (anim) to break from freezing

ᐲᐧᑳᔅᑲᑎᓐ piikwaaskatin [vii]
S it breaks from freezing

ᐲᐧᑳᔅᑲᑎᐦᑖᐤ piikwaaskatihtaau [vai+o]
S s/he causes it to break from freezing

ᐲᐧᑳᔅᑲᒎ piikwaaskachuu [vai]
S it (anim) breaks from freezing

ᐸᐯᔅᑯᓯᐧᑳᐤ papeskusikwaau [vii]
S there are piles of ice, frozen together

ᐸᐸᑲᑎᓐ papakatin [vii]
S it (body of water) is thinly frozen

ᐸᐦᑯᑎᓀᐤ pahkutineu [vta]
S s/he loosens it (anim) frozen on something, by hand

ᐸᐦᑯᑎᓇᒻ pahkutinam [vti]
S s/he loosens it, frozen on something, by hand

ᐸᐦᑳᓈᔅᑲᐦᑎᒣᐤ pahkaanaaskahtimeu [vta]
S s/he freezes it (anim) separately

ᐸᐦᑳᓈᔅᑲᐦᑎᐦᑖᐤ pahkaanaaskahtihtaau [vai+o]
S s/he freezes it (ex caribou, moose meat) separately

ᑖᔥᑳᔅᑲᑎᓐ taashkaaskatin [vii]
S it is split open by freezing

ᑰᑎᒣᐤ kuutimeu [vta]
S s/he freezes him/her almost to death

ᑰᒎ kuuchuu [vai]
S s/he freezes to death

ᐧᑳᔅᑲᑎᓐ kwaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen onto something

ᒋᐳᒎ chipuchuu [vai]
S s/he eats grease and it freezes in her/his throat

ᒋᓰᐱᒎ chisiipichuu [vai]
S its (ex moose, caribou) tracks are frozen hard

ᒋᔅᑲᒥᐧᐋᔖᐧᐁᐤ chiskamiwaashaaweu [vai]
S s/he is walking across the frozen bay

ᒦᑖᐧᑫᑎᓐ miitaakwetin [vii]
S it starts to freeze from the shore outwards

ᒧᔥᑎᑕᓐ mushtitan [vii]
S it is a frozen lake with no snow

ᒨᐦᑳᔅᑲᒎ muuhkaaskachuu [vai]
S it (anim, ice) bulges out as liquid freezes

ᒪᔥᑯᐧᐋᔅᑲᑎᓐ mashkuwaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen hard

ᒪᔥᑯᐧᐋᔅᑲᒎ mashkuwaaskachuu [vai]
S it (anim) is frozen hard

ᒪᔥᑰᑎᒣᐤ mashkuutimeu [vta]
S s/he freezes it (anim)

ᒪᔥᑰᑎᓐ mashkuutin [vii]
S it is frozen

ᒪᔥᑰᑎᔅᑲᒥᑲᑎᓐ mashkuutiskamikatin [vii]
S it is frozen earth

ᒪᔥᑰᑎᐦᑖᐤ mashkuutihtaau [vai+o]
S s/he freezes it

ᒪᔥᑰᒎ mashkuuchuu [vai]
S it (anim) is frozen

ᒪᔥᑰᔅᒉᑲᑎᓐ mashkuuschekatin [vii]
S the muskeg is frozen hard

ᒫᐧᑳᐱᔅᒋᑲᓀᐅᑎᓐ maakwaapischikaneutin [vii]
S the teeth of the trap are frozen together

ᓂᔥᑐᐧᐋᔅᑲᑎᓐ nishtuwaaskatin [vii]
S it (ex meat) is frozen together

ᓂᔥᑐᐧᐋᔥᑲᒍᐧᐃᒡ nishtuwaashkachuwich [vai]
S they (anim) are three frozen together

ᓃᐱᓈᒧᔅᒌᐤ niipinaamuschiiu [vii]
S it is a place where the ground [inland] or water [coastal] never freezes

ᓃᐱᓈᒧᔒᐤ niipinaamushiiu [vii]
S it is a place where the water never freezes

ᓃᐱᐦᑲᒨ niipihkamuu [vii]
S it is open water after the rest is frozen

ᓃᐧᔖᔅᑲᑎᓐᐦ niishwaaskatinh [vii]
S there are two frozen together

ᓃᐧᔖᔥᑲᒍᐧᐃᒡ niishwaashkachuwich [vai]
S they (anim) are two frozen together; two are frozen together

ᓵᐹᔅᑲᑎᓐ saapaaskatin [vii]
S it is frozen stiff (used in negative, it is not really frozen stiff, strongly)

ᓵᐹᔥᑲᒎ saapaashkachuu [vai]
S it (anim) is frozen stiff (used in negative, it (anim) is not really frozen stiff, strongly)

ᔐᐧᐋᔅᑲᑎᓐ shewaaskatin [vii]
S it freezes easily

ᔐᐧᐋᔅᑲᒎ shewaaskachuu [vai]
S it (anim) freezes easily

ᔖᑯᑎᓐ shaakutin [vii]
S it freezes up easily

ᔮᔦᐧᐁᓯᑯᑎᓐ yaayewesikutin [vii]
S it freezes along the edge of the water

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